The majority of epidemiological studies are exercises in measurement; i.e., we try to estimate as accurately as we can some potential (possibly causal) association between an exposure and an outcome.

In the last decades, the wide use of computationally intensive methods has shaped all scientific fields. This includes for instance the development of large models, the investigation of these models ...

After a study is conducted that produces a scientific conclusion, what is the probability 1 that the conclusion is correct? In the case of research that involves hypothesis testing, the scientific ...