There are results which show that measure-theoretic deterministic models and stochastic models are observationally equivalent. Thus there is a choice between a deterministic and an indeterministic ...
Nondeterminism in LLMs refers to the unpredictability or variability of outputs even when the same input is provided. This is ...
This is a preview. Log in through your library . Abstract We analyse the limit behaviour of a stochastic structured metapopulation model as the number of its patches goes to infinity. The sequence of ...
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