Monetary and fiscal policy respond to economic conditions, with the appropriate response dependent on the balance of supply and demand in goods and services markets and capital markets. Monetary ...

The United States has implemented large-scale fiscal policy measures to help households and businesses cushion the economic fallout from the COVID-19 pandemic and to strengthen the recovery. The ...

“QEs, near zero central bank interest rates, and token initial fiscal stimulus policies followed soon by austerity fiscal stimulus withdrawals, represent the economic recovery policy ‘mix’ for the US ...

This paper provides background information for policymakers on fiscal multipliers, including quantitative estimates. The fiscal multiplier is the ratio of a change in output to an exogenous change in ...

A European Central Bank working paper assesses how a constrained monetary policy can alter the reaction of both output and inflation in response to a contractionary fiscal shock. Fiscal multipliers, ...

Former Norman B. Ture Senior Fellow in the Economics of Fiscal Policy J.D. served as the Norman B. Ture Senior Fellow in Economics of Fiscal Policy The global economy is in a deep, synchronized ...

With a large economic downturn underway, the Administrations of George W. Bush and Barack Obama pushed for “stimulative” deficit spending in 2008 and 2009. According to Keynesian theories of economics ...

We build a factor-augmented interacted panel vector-autoregressive model of the Euro Area (EA) and estimate it with Bayesian methods to compute government spending multipliers. The multipliers are ...

Daboh, F., Ngebeh, R. and Beah, A. (2026) The Fiscal Multiplier Effect: A Quantitative Analysis of Government Spending’s Impact on Economic Growth in Sierra Leone . Open Access Library Journal, 13, ...

The fiscal “multiplier” measures how many additional dollars of output are gained or lost for each dollar of fiscal stimulus or contraction. In practice, the multiplier at any point in time depends on ...

The scale and scope of government spending expansion in the last year are unprecedented. Because Uncle Sam doesn't have the money, lots of it went on the government's credit card. The deficit and debt ...