It is important to consider the use of artificial intelligence (AI) for analog test and measurement, as well as other electrical engineering activities, as it helps ensure that critical electrical ...

In the last Circuit VR we looked at some basic op amp circuits in a simulator, including the non-inverting amplifier. Sometimes you want an amplifier that inverts the signal. That is a 5V input ...

Circuit simulations are great because you can experiment with circuits and make changes with almost no effort. In Circuit VR, we look at circuits using a simulator to do experiments without having to ...

Operational amplifiers (commonly called op amps) are a ubiquitous building block for designing electronic circuits. Today, these devices are fabricated as small integrated circuits, but the concept ...

My hands-on introduction to operational amplifiers was in 1969 while in the army as a junior scientist in the Atmospheric Science Laboratory at the White Sands Proving Grounds. We had taken a ...

Modern operational amplifiers (op amps) and instrumentation amplifiers (in amps) provide great benefits to the designer, when compared with discrete semiconductors. But all too often, some very basic ...