Definition:Raman Spectroscopy is a sophisticated analytical technique used to observe vibrational, rotational, and other low-frequency modes in a system. This material characterization technique ...

FTIR deals with the infrared region of the electromagnetic spectrum, and it works by measuring how much light is absorbed by the bonds of vibrating molecules to provide a molecular fingerprint. The ...

A spectrum analyzer is a device that measures and displays Signal amplitude (strength) as it varies by frequency within its frequency range (spectrum). The frequency appears on the horizontal (X) axis ...

AES operates on the principle of the Auger effect, named after the French physicist Pierre Auger. When a material's surface is bombarded with a beam of high-energy electrons or photons, it causes the ...