Aims: This debate paper traces the development of innovative methods for undertaking health promotion research with a socialecological orientation, with a few examples drawn from 30 years of research ...

Reinette (Oonsie) Biggs ¹²³, Clint Rhode ⁴, Sally Archibald ⁵⁶, Lucky Makhosini Kunene ⁷⁸, Shingirirai S. Mutanga ⁸, Nghamula Nkuna ⁹, Peter Omondi Ocholla 1011, Lehlohonolo Joe Phadima 12, Strategies ...

Social-ecological theory provides a framework for understanding these forces, in that it suggests that environmental influences shape child development and come in two forms: proximal and distal.