Bacteria are only the only organisms that are able to 'fix' nitrogen, or remove it from the atmosphere and convert it into a useful form. While some plants seem to fix nitrogen, it is actually ...

The complex cells that underlie animals and plants have a large collection of what are called organelles—compartments surrounded by membranes that perform specialized functions. Two of these were ...

The endosymbiotic theory, which posits that organelles such as chloroplasts and mitochondria descended from formerly independent cells, has received wide acceptance in the last third of the 20th ...

Biologists created a symbiotic system that hints at how features such as mitochondria and chloroplasts might have emerged a billion years ago. Scientists wielding a minute hollow needle — and a bike ...

A recent study in Nature Plants examined the genetic regulation of endosymbiotic gene transfer (EGT) in plants. Researchers found that deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) double-strand break repair (DSBR) ...