Carbon dioxide emissions have been commonly modelled as rising and falling with total output. Yet many factors, such as energy-efficiency improvements and shifts to cleaner energy, can break this ...

We update an assessment of potential changes in payments that mortgage holders could face at renewal in 2025 and 2026. We use ...

As the central bank and sole issuer of bank notes in Canada, the Bank of Canada needs to stay on top of payment trends. Every four years, we reach out to Canadians to ask them how they pay for things.

Foreign investment flows into Government of Canada (GoC) bonds have surged since the financial crisis. Our empirical analysis suggests that foreign flows of $150 billion lowered the 10-year GoC bond ...

Freer trade lowers prices and boosts economies, yet not everyone benefits equally. Fair policies are essential for balanced growth and widespread prosperity.

View the chronological list of crisis response measures the Bank of Canada took between December 12, 2007 and November 30, 2011.

The Business Outlook Survey (BOS) has become an important part of monetary policy deliberations at the Bank of Canada and is also well known in Canadian policy and financial circles. This paper ...

Readability formulas At its broadest, the concept of readability includes not just the written text itself but also aspects such as the layout, visual elements and context. For example, the Bank’s web ...

Access notes on banking and financial statistics for chartered bank activity since 1990.

Highlights and comprehensive reports related to the consultation process for the $10 bank note commemorating the 150th anniversary of Confederation.

Learn about the publication of, and calculation methodology for, the foreign exchange (FX) rate data on the Bank of Canada’s website.

Find information on our key publications and other resources for understanding Canada's monetary policy framework. Learn about possible economic data sources you can use and view last year's winning ...