Main types of alphabets and writing systems, grouped clearly with examples: 1. True Alphabets Both consonants and vowels have equal importance. Latin – English, French, Spanish Greek – Greek Cyrillic – Russian, Ukrainian, Bulgarian Armenian Georgian 🧠 Each sound ≈ one letter 2. Abjads Primarily consonants; vowels are optional or marked with diacritics. Arabic Hebrew Phoenician (historical) 🧠 Reader supplies the vowel sounds 3. Abugidas (Alphasyllabaries) Consonant letters with built-in vowels

The origins of the Geʽez script date back to the 4th century AD. The oldest known example found on the Hawulti obelisk in Matara, Eritrea. This ancient inscription, containing pagan references, predates the adoption of Christianity in the Kingdom of Aksum around 325 AD. As Aksum transitioned to Christianity, Geʽez literature flourished. The oldest surviving manuscript, the Garima Gospels, dating to the 5th-6th centuries. The most famous text from the 4th century is the Ethiopic Bible, which comp