The Bactria–Margiana Archaeological Complex (BMAC), also known as the Oxus Civilization, represents a Middle Bronze Age culture in southern Central Asia. Its urban phase, or Integration Era, is dated to c. 2400–1950 BC (Sandro Salvatori) or c. 2250–1700 BC (Dubova and Lyonnet). Although named after the Oxus River in Bactria, most BMAC urban sites are located in Margiana (modern Turkmenistan) on the Marghab delta and in the Kopet Dagh mountains. Later sites (c. 1950–1450 BC) in northern Bactria,